Generation after generation has to make the choice between free markets and Government regulation.

The solution seems to turn on the nature of the business cycle and the strengh of current booms and downturns.

In the present world recession the context is so severe that it’s become a crisis in both the financial markets and the real economy. Many governments are having to nationalize part or all of their banking systems. Financial services never seemed so brittle.

Is that really the case though? In a well-argued article, The world needs Up-To-A-Pointism, John Evans suggests that by staying within the boundaries where governments and free markets work best, the world would be a much more stable place to live and do business.

Although mostly mutually-exclusive, the interface between regulation and free markets could be made to operate more efficiently, to the benefit of both.

Trading on the LSE’s electronic platform was shut down this morning on one of its busiest days of the year.

The timing of the shutdown is unfortunate for the LSE, which is facing increased competition from rival trading platforms such as Turquoise, a Europe-wide platform set up by a number of the world’s biggest investment banks.

Another rival, Chi-X, claims to have taken over 15 percent of trading in FTSE 100 stocks recently.

To counteract the challenge, the LSE slashed trading fees at the start of this month in response to a partial launch of Turquoise, which is not due to start trading proper until October.

Today’s debacle was thought by the BBC’s Business Editor Robert Peston, to have serious consequences for the exchange. A great deal of money was tied up in the system, money that could not be used in a rapidly rising market.

Clara Furse, the first woman Chief Executive of the London Stock Exchange, has been honoured in the Queen’s Birthday Honours list as a Dame Commander of the British Empire (DBE), “for services to the financial services industry”.

Clara Furse, LSE Chief Executive.

Mrs Furse, who successfully saw off unwanted takeover approaches for the exchange from Nasdaq, Deutsche Borse, OMX and others, will receive the equivalent of a Knighthood for her efforts.

Other business leaders recognised in the awards with Knighthoods include Michael Snyder, the former Chairman of the City of London Corporation’s policy and resources committee, and Moir Lockhead, who transformed the regional bus company, FirstGroup.

A version of this article appeared in Syntagma recently.

Gold rushes come and go in the world’s innovation capital, California. But when they go … they really go.

The City of Vallejo in California has filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, making history it seems. Half Moon Bay, home to some internet digerati, may well be next. According to John Moorlach, Orange County board chief, “This is the tip of the iceberg: everybody is going to line up for Chapter 9 in California.”

What can it mean to people on the ground when their city goes belly up? What of their assets, houses etcetera? It will be interesting to watch this pan out.

According to Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers American house prices are likely to fall 25pc from peak to trough. With between 10m and 12m households in negative equity already, there’s still a way to go.

Shares across the developed world are set for big falls too. Albert Edward Société Générale’s global strategist says, “Nowhere and nothing will be immune. We are on the cusp of an equity meltdown that will slash and shred portfolios. We see a global recession unfolding. Liquidity will drain away and crush the twin emerging market and commodity bubbles. The recent hope that ‘the worst might be over’ is truly staggering. Profits are disintegrating.”

Ambrose Evans Pritchard of the Telegraph (UK) — ever the Cassandra — says pointedly, “Britain, Europe, Japan, and China will go down before America comes back up. This is turning into a synchronised bust, after all. The Global Slump of 2008-09 is under way.”

The Bank of England and the European Central Bank are still stubbornly refusing to cut rates because of inflation fears, which will be the least of our miseries in the next two years and should abate soon as global demand falls off the much-imagined cliff.

It’s probably true that Ben Bernanke’s Federal Reserve has saved the U.S. and other countries from another Great Depression. But nothing can stop a slump now because it’s already happening.